Chapter14 Summary
Change is often inevitable and necessary for business to expand and progress into the future. Conflict is an event expressed through communication when individual or group behave in ways that indicate they have in compatible positions or goals. There may be conflict in a company for different purposes like for positions or personal interest. There are different traditional conflict strategies, they are: negotiation, positional bargaining, mediation, conflict management and arbitration.
Conflict is actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests. A conflict can be internal (within oneself) or external (between two or more individuals). Conflict as a concept can help explain many aspects of social life such as social disagreement, conflicts of interests, and fights between individuals, groups, or organizations. In political terms, "conflict" can refer to wars, revolutions or other struggles, which may involve the use of force as in the term armed conflict. Without proper social arrangement or resolution, conflicts in social settings can result in stress or tensions among stakeholders. When an interpersonal conflict does occur, its effect is often broader than two individuals involved, and can affect many associate individuals and relationships, in more or less adverse and sometimes even humorous way.
One should not confuse the distinction between the presence and absence of conflict with the difference between competition and co-operation. In competitive situations, the two or more individuals or parties each have mutually inconsistent goals; either party tries to reach their goal it will undermine the attempts of the other to reach theirs. Therefore, competitive situations will, by their nature, cause conflict but if you have good sportsmanship or are just fair it won't cause undesirable conflict. However, conflict can also occur in cooperative situations, in which two or more individuals or parties have consistent goals, because the manner in which one party tries to reach their goal can still undermine the other individual or party.
Wednesday, April 22, 2009
Thursday, April 16, 2009
Apr16 Summary (C13 Interpersonal and Collaborative Messages)
Chapter13 Summary
Why is interpersonal communication so important? First, it helps people understand each other better. Second, it helps people get more information and knowledge. Third, without interpersonal communication, our life would become a desert of emotion and friendship. Interpersonal communication is just like a bridge of understanding between people.
A person who has effective interpersonal communication skills will be open to the ideas of others and willing to put forward views of his or her own – both essential activities in the process of problem solving. So, in fact, interpersonal communication is the process of which two or more individuals communicate. You see this in many different forms every day, from something as normal as a smile or funny face. Interpersonal communication involves both verbal and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication refers to body movements or vocal variations that communicate without words. Nonverbal behavior manages and regulates conversation, displays emotions and feelings, provides feedback, and influences others. For example, when I am talking with a friend, I am smiling, nodding my head in agreement. But sometimes I am talking to someone that I am not agree with, but I will smile and seem interested in order to be polite. Those messages (the smile, for example) are not natural. However, my choice to deliver positive feedback is the result of a conscious decision. I want to deliver that feedback for whatever reason. From this chapter, I understand that sometimes we are not aware that we are sending nonverbal signals, and through kinesic behaviors, eye behavior, paralanguage, chronemics, proxemics and haptics to help me better understand my communicative methods.
Why is interpersonal communication so important? First, it helps people understand each other better. Second, it helps people get more information and knowledge. Third, without interpersonal communication, our life would become a desert of emotion and friendship. Interpersonal communication is just like a bridge of understanding between people.
A person who has effective interpersonal communication skills will be open to the ideas of others and willing to put forward views of his or her own – both essential activities in the process of problem solving. So, in fact, interpersonal communication is the process of which two or more individuals communicate. You see this in many different forms every day, from something as normal as a smile or funny face. Interpersonal communication involves both verbal and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication refers to body movements or vocal variations that communicate without words. Nonverbal behavior manages and regulates conversation, displays emotions and feelings, provides feedback, and influences others. For example, when I am talking with a friend, I am smiling, nodding my head in agreement. But sometimes I am talking to someone that I am not agree with, but I will smile and seem interested in order to be polite. Those messages (the smile, for example) are not natural. However, my choice to deliver positive feedback is the result of a conscious decision. I want to deliver that feedback for whatever reason. From this chapter, I understand that sometimes we are not aware that we are sending nonverbal signals, and through kinesic behaviors, eye behavior, paralanguage, chronemics, proxemics and haptics to help me better understand my communicative methods.
Wednesday, April 8, 2009
Apr09 Summary (C12 Culture: Inside and Out)
Chapter12 Summary
The term "culture" in American anthropology had two meanings: (1) the evolved human capacity to classify and represent experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively; and (2) the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences, and acted creatively. Following World War II, the term became important, albeit with different meanings, in other disciplines such as sociology, cultural studies, organizational psychology and management studies.
Textbook author describes macro Culture as a commonly produced and shared model of reality that communicates how people are expected to behave, think and feel where a micro view of organization culture is that exists within the organization's beliefs, values norms etc. We usually learn macro culture through interaction with family, friends and other member of society. A Macro view of culture includes race/ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation etc whereas A Micro view of organizational culture includes corporate culture, co-culture, deep culture, values and beliefs etc of an organization.
Every organization has their own culture and follows with their own styles. Customer service, valuing employees, meeting project deadlines, observing dress codes etc are organization's culture.
The term "culture" in American anthropology had two meanings: (1) the evolved human capacity to classify and represent experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively; and (2) the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences, and acted creatively. Following World War II, the term became important, albeit with different meanings, in other disciplines such as sociology, cultural studies, organizational psychology and management studies.
Textbook author describes macro Culture as a commonly produced and shared model of reality that communicates how people are expected to behave, think and feel where a micro view of organization culture is that exists within the organization's beliefs, values norms etc. We usually learn macro culture through interaction with family, friends and other member of society. A Macro view of culture includes race/ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation etc whereas A Micro view of organizational culture includes corporate culture, co-culture, deep culture, values and beliefs etc of an organization.
Every organization has their own culture and follows with their own styles. Customer service, valuing employees, meeting project deadlines, observing dress codes etc are organization's culture.
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Apr02 Summary (C11 Writing Strategies for Reports and Proposals)
Chapter11 Summary
Reports are a highly structured form of writing often following conventions that have been laid down to produce a common format. Structure and convention in written reports stress the process by which the information was gathered as much as the information itself.
The following stages are involved in writing a report:
• clarifying your terms of reference
• planning your work
• collecting your information
• organizing and structuring your information
• writing the first draft
• checking and re-drafting.
There are two types of components of reports and design strategy they are; executive summary and sample executive summary. In executive summary typical sources of key points in a report are: headings, topic sentences, enumerations, cause and effect statements and essentials.
The skills involved in writing a report will help you to condense and focus information, drawing objective findings from detailed data.
The ability to express you clearly and succinctly is an important skill and is one that can be greatly enhanced by approaching each report in a planned and focused way.
Reports are a highly structured form of writing often following conventions that have been laid down to produce a common format. Structure and convention in written reports stress the process by which the information was gathered as much as the information itself.
The following stages are involved in writing a report:
• clarifying your terms of reference
• planning your work
• collecting your information
• organizing and structuring your information
• writing the first draft
• checking and re-drafting.
There are two types of components of reports and design strategy they are; executive summary and sample executive summary. In executive summary typical sources of key points in a report are: headings, topic sentences, enumerations, cause and effect statements and essentials.
The skills involved in writing a report will help you to condense and focus information, drawing objective findings from detailed data.
The ability to express you clearly and succinctly is an important skill and is one that can be greatly enhanced by approaching each report in a planned and focused way.
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